Vitamin B12
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) is a complex, cobalt-containing water-soluble cofactor essential for fundamental biochemical operations across mammalian cell systems. It is characterized by its central corrin ring coordinated to a cobalt ion, serving as a critical investigational standard in cellular biochemistry and nutrient metabolism studies. In laboratory research models, Vitamin B12 is utilized to investigate critical pathways involving DNA synthesis, amino acid breakdown, and mitochondrial energy dynamics. Researchers frequently analyze cobalamin dynamics to understand cellular response to oxidative stress, maintenance of neuronal structural integrity, and the regulation of one-carbon transfer reactions in diverse tissue cultures.
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- Purity
- ≥99%
- Form
- Lyophilized powder
- CAS Number
- 68-19-9
- Molecular Formula
- C63H88CoN14O14P
- Molecular Weight
- 1355.37 g/mol
- Available sizes
- 10mg
Mechanism of Action
Vitamin B12 operates biochemically as an essential cofactor for two major cellular enzymes: methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Within the cytoplasm, methylcobalamin facilitates the transfer of methyl groups from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine, regenerating methionine and generating S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the primary methyl donor for DNA, RNA, and protein methylation. Within the mitochondria, 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin acts as an indispensable coenzyme for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, catalyzing the isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. This step is pivotal for feeding propionate-derived carbon skeletons into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sustaining mitochondrial ATP generation, and modulating cellular lipid and odd-chain fatty acid metabolism.
Research Areas
- ●One-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation
- ●Mitochondrial respiration and TCA cycle dynamics
- ●Neuroprotective signaling and myelin maintenance
- ●Erythropoiesis and hematological cellular models
- ●Metabolic co-factor synergy with peptide protocols
Selected References
- Green R, et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017.
- Froese DS, et al. Molecular mechanisms of human cobalamin metabolism. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2019.
- Smith AD, et al. Homocysteine and B vitamins in cognitive health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018.
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